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Evidence and models of the atom explained

Atomic structure • Atoms and isotopes

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • The concept of the atom has evolved significantly since ancient times.
  • Initially, philosophers like Democritus proposed the idea of indivisible particles called 'atomos.' Later, John Dalton introduced a more scientific approach, suggesting that atoms are indivisible spheres.
  • J.J.
  • Thomson discovered the electron in 1897, leading to the 'plum pudding model,' which depicted atoms as a mixture of positive and negative charges.
  • This model was later refined by Ernest Rutherford’s gold foil experiment, which revealed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons.
  • These historic developments illustrate the progression from philosophical theories to scientific models based on empirical evidence.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

Describe Dalton's contributions to atomic theory.

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Dalton suggested that elements consist of indivisible atoms and that compounds form from these atoms in fixed ratios.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

The atom consists of electrons, protons, and neutrons.

Rutherford disproved the plum pudding model with his experiments.

Quantum mechanics is essential for understanding atomic behavior.

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