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Polymers and giant covalent structures explained

Bonding, structure and the properties of matter • Bonding and substance properties

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • A polymer is a substantial molecule composed of repeating smaller units known as monomers.
  • These monomers join together through covalent bonds to create long chains.
  • Polymers display repeating structural units in diagrams, often noted within brackets followed by an 'n' indicating numerous repeats.
  • Factors such as chain length and the presence of side groups influence physical properties by altering the intermolecular forces between the chains.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

How does a condensation polymer form?

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A condensation polymer forms when monomers bond together with the removal of small molecules, often water.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Polymers show repeated units in diagrams with brackets and 'n'.

Addition polymers result from broken double bonds; condensation polymers involve loss of small molecules.

Giant covalent structures form continuous networks; no discrete molecular units exist.

Strong covalent bonds across a lattice lead to high melting points and insolubility.

Graphite conducts due to delocalized electrons; diamond does not conduct because electrons are localized.

Intermolecular forces between polymer chains determine flexibility, melting point, and solubility.

Cross-linking introduces covalent bonds between chains, increasing hardness and thermal stability.

Branching decreases packing, often resulting in lower melting points and density compared to straight chains.

Look for atoms bonded to multiple neighbors in an extended pattern for identifying giant covalent lattices.

Distinguish between discrete molecules and networks: separate molecules indicate molecular solids; continuous bonding signifies giant covalent structures.

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