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Metals, alloys and state symbols explained

Bonding, structure and the properties of matter • Bonding and substance properties

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • Metal atoms form a regular lattice of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
  • The strong electrostatic attraction between the positive ions and delocalised electrons holds the lattice together.
  • The lattice allows layers of ions to slide over each other while electrons maintain bonding, which produces malleability and ductility.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

What causes thermal conductivity in metals?

Click to reveal answer

Delocalised electrons and vibrating ions rapidly transfer energy through the lattice.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Metallic bonding: positive ions in a lattice + delocalised electrons.

Malleability occurs because layers of ions can slide while electrons maintain bonding.

Alloys contain different-sized atoms that distort the lattice and block dislocations.

Hardness increases with greater lattice distortion and higher concentration of added atoms.

State symbols: (s) solid, (l) liquid, (g) gas, (aq) aqueous; place after each formula.

Include state symbols to show phase changes and solubility in equations.

Balanced equations must combine correct stoichiometry with correct state symbols.

Alloys change physical properties without forming new chemical bonds.

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