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Element names, symbols and electronic structures

Atomic structure and the periodic table • Atomic models and isotopes

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • An element consists of atoms with an identical number of protons in their nucleus.
  • The atomic number indicates the number of protons, establishing the element's chemical identity.
  • Each element is represented by a one- or two-letter chemical symbol, enabling consistent communication across languages.
  • Symbols utilize a combination of capital letters and lowercase letters, derived from either English or Latin names.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

Element with atomic number 13

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Aluminium, Al.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Atomic number equals number of protons and defines the element.

Chemical symbols use one capital letter or a capital plus lowercase letter.

Number notation lists electrons per shell from inner to outer (e.g., 2,8,2).

Shell diagrams show nucleus and shells with electrons as dots; they simplify real orbitals.

Group 1 elements have one outer electron and form +1 ions.

Group 7 elements have seven outer electrons and form −1 ions or covalent bonds.

The shell model omits subshells; quantum mechanics explains detailed electron arrangements.

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