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Atmospheric pollutants cause health and environmental harm

Chemistry of the atmosphere • Atmospheric pollutants

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • A pollutant is a substance present in the atmosphere at concentrations higher than normal, causing harm to organisms, ecosystems, or materials.
  • These include gases, aerosols, and particulate matter that alter regular chemical or physical processes in the air and on surfaces.
  • The impact of pollutants depends on their concentration, persistence, reactivity, exposure duration, and local factors like temperature and wind.
  • Low concentrations may not show noticeable effects, while higher concentrations can increase risk and severity of harm.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

Photochemical smog health effects

Click to reveal answer

Photochemical smog exacerbates respiratory issues, aggravates asthma, and lowers lung function in exposed populations.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Pollutants cause harm through chemical, physical, or biological interactions.

Carbon monoxide reduces oxygen delivery by forming carboxyhaemoglobin with haemoglobin.

Fine particulates (PM2.5) penetrate deep into lungs and enter the bloodstream.

SO2 and NOx form acids in the atmosphere, leading to acid rain affecting soils and structures.

NOx and VOCs produce ground-level ozone when reacted in sunlight, harming airways and plants.

Greenhouse gases trap infrared radiation, contributing to climate change effects depending on their concentration.

Health effects of pollutants are dependent on concentration and exposure duration.

Particle size and chemical makeup influence particulate toxicity.

Local meteorological factors and geography affect pollutant dispersion.

Reducing emissions and improving filtration techniques mitigates harm.

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