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Monoclonal antibodies and their uses in diagnostics

Infection and response • Monoclonal antibodies (biology only) (HT only)

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • Monoclonal antibodies are produced from a single cloned cell line, designed to bind a unique antigen shape.
  • Their specificity means they bind only to the matching antigen, which minimizes interactions with unrelated molecules.
  • This precise targeting makes them reliable for tests needing exact identification of hormones or pathogens.

Flashcards

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What is a hybridoma cell?

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A fused cell that combines components of antibody-producing spleen cells and myeloma cells, which produces monoclonal antibodies indefinitely.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Monoclonal antibodies bind to a single antigen shape; specificity ensures diagnostic accuracy.

Pregnancy tests detect HCG in urine by antibody binding, resulting in a visible line.

Laboratory assays employ capture and labeled antibodies, where signal intensity indicates hormone concentration.

Hybridoma technology guarantees consistent antibody production; this consistency enhances reproducibility.

Antigen variation, low concentrations, and cross-reactivity can limit test accuracy; using multiple antibodies and controls mitigates errors.

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