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Human reproduction and contraception

Homeostasis and response • Hormonal coordination in humans

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • Gametes are haploid sex cells: ova are produced in ovaries and sperm in testes.
  • Fertilisation restores the diploid chromosome number, initiating embryo development.
  • Meiosis produces gametes with half the chromosomes, and fertilisation combines parental genomes, creating genetic variation.

Flashcards

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How does the body react if a fertilised ovum implants?

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Progesterone production continues, maintaining the uterine lining and stopping the menstrual cycle.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

FSH stimulates follicle maturation and oestrogen production; LH triggers ovulation.

High oestrogen mid-cycle causes an LH surge; sustained progesterone maintains the uterine lining.

Combined hormonal contraceptives prevent ovulation by inhibiting FSH; progesterone methods thicken cervical mucus.

IVF involves FSH/LH for egg production, surgical retrieval, fertilisation, and embryo transfer.

Condoms are the only contraceptive method that also reduces STI transmission.

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