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Brain regions, mapping and challenges

Homeostasis and response • The human nervous system

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the largest brain section (the cerebrum), characterized by a folded surface.
  • The cerebellum is a smaller, rounded structure located at the back and base of the brain.
  • The medulla, positioned below the cerebellum at the brainstem, connects directly to the spinal cord.
  • Diagrams label these three structures clearly for efficient identification.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

Electrical stimulation limitation

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Electrical stimulation is invasive and primarily used in surgical settings, which may not reflect natural brain activity.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Cerebral cortex = higher cognitive functions and sensory processing.

Cerebellum = coordination and balance; damage causes unsteady movement.

Medulla = autonomic control of breathing and heart rate; damage can be fatal.

Lesion studies imply function loss but vary due to plasticity.

Electrical stimulation reveals immediate effects but requires invasive access.

fMRI shows activity through blood flow changes but measures indirectly with limited timing accuracy.

Multiple brain regions often work together; activation maps need contextual interpretation.

Ethical and practical limits restrict research methods and treatment options.

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