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Blood glucose control and diabetes overview

Homeostasis and response • Hormonal coordination in humans

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • Insulin, produced by beta cells in the pancreas, is released when blood glucose rises after a meal.
  • It increases glucose uptake by target cells and promotes glycogen conversion in the liver and muscles, thus lowering blood glucose levels.
  • Insulin binding to cell membranes enhances glucose transport into cells and activates glycogen-synthesizing enzymes.
  • As cellular uptake and storage of glucose increases, blood glucose decreases, leading to reduced insulin secretion via negative feedback.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

Why is early diagnosis important in Type 1 diabetes?

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Early diagnosis helps prevent dangerously high blood glucose levels and enables timely insulin therapy to minimize acute complications.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Insulin and glucagon are produced by the pancreas, acting antagonistically to regulate blood glucose.

Glycogen is the short-term storage form of glucose in liver and muscle cells.

Type 1 diabetes results from insulin deficiency due to beta cell loss; Type 2 is characterized by insulin resistance or insufficient insulin.

Type 1 treatment involves insulin replacement; Type 2 focuses on lifestyle changes, weight loss, and medications improving insulin function.

Blood glucose graphs display a rise after meals, peak values, and decline; comparing these features helps identify regulation issues.

Obesity increases Type 2 diabetes risk through mechanisms reducing insulin responsiveness.

Exercise promotes muscle glucose uptake independent of insulin, lowering blood glucose peaks.

Genetically produced human insulin minimizes allergic responses compared to animal-derived insulin.

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