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Adaptations and extremophiles in extreme conditions

Ecology • Adaptations, interdependence and competition

Key concepts

What you'll likely be quizzed about

  • An adaptation is a heritable feature that enhances an organism's chance of survival and reproduction in a specific environment.
  • Adaptations arise via natural selection, as individuals with beneficial traits leave more offspring.
  • Without suitable adaptations, organisms face reduced survival and struggle against competitive pressures.

Flashcards

Test your knowledge with interactive flashcards

What is a limiting factor for trees at high latitudes?

Click to reveal answer

Low light intensity limits photosynthesis, restricting tree growth beyond the treeline.

Key notes

Important points to keep in mind

Adaptations are specific responses to limiting factors.

Classify adaptations as structural (shape/features), behavioural (actions), or physiological (internal processes).

Identify the limiting factor, the adaptive trait, and its effect on survival.

Extremophiles exploit energy sources other than sunlight in habitats like hydrothermal vents.

Cold-adapted animals reduce surface area or enhance insulation to minimize heat loss.

Desert-adapted plants minimize transpiration with reduced leaves and store water.

Behavioural adaptations provide immediate responses to environmental stress (e.g., migration, huddling).

Organisms with poor adaptations face higher mortality and reduced reproductive success under competition.

Clarify the environmental challenge, trait, and the trait's effect on mitigating that challenge.

Examples of extremophiles include organisms in polar regions, deserts, acidic soils, and near deep-sea vents.

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